As per Scrum, changes are not allowed during a Sprint. So during the Conduct Release Planning process, the length of the Sprint will be impacted by the frequency of expected changes.
Generally the Length of a Sprint may be set to be longer, 4 to 6 weeks if project requirements are generally stable and major changes are not expected in the near future. This provides stability to the Scrum Team members to work on the Prioritized Product Backlog requirements for lengthy periods of time without having to go through the Create User Stories, Approve, Estimate, and Commit User Stories, Create Tasks, Estimate Task, and other related processes that are conducted for every Sprint.
However, the Length of Sprint may be relatively shorter i.e. 1 to 3 weeks, if project requirements are not very well defined or if significant changes are expected in the immediate future. This provides stability to the Scrum Team members to work on shorter Sprints and deliver results, which can be evaluated by the Product Owner and stakeholders at the end of the Sprint. This also provides enough flexibility for them to clarify requirements and make changes to the Prioritized Product Backlog at the end of each Sprint. To get maximum benefits from a Scrum project, it is always recommended to keep the Sprint Time-boxed to 4 weeks, unless there are projects with very stable requirements, where Sprints can extend up to 6 weeks.
However, it is important to note that expected change is not the only factor used to determine the Length of Sprint. Other factors that also need to be considered include:
Actual time to get work done (if the project or corporate environment needs a specific time to get tasks done that could determine the Length of Sprint)
Planned date for a release (the Length of Sprint should take into consideration the release dates for the overall product or service)
Any other factor as determined by the Product Owner or Scrum Master, which needs to be considered while determining the Length of Sprint
It is important to note that changing the Length of Sprint should not be decided lightly or periodically (e.g. it is not advisable to have the sprint length as 3 weeks this sprint, 2 weeks the next, 4 weeks for the third sprint etc.) Length of Sprint should preferably be consistent. One of the greatest impacts of changing the Length of Sprint is that it causes a reset on all tracking at the project level. Previous velocities may become useless for forecasting and planning of future Sprints. Without an accurate velocity (which is a primary metric in any scrum project), the Scrum Team cannot be measured for effectiveness or adequately choose the number of User Stories to take on when planning for the next sprint. So, once the Length of Sprint is decided, it should preferably be kept constant over the duration of the project or through multiple Sprint cycles.
